@Book{797584609,
author="{World Bank}",
title="Peru: The Decentralization Process and its Links with Public Expenditure Efficiency",
series="Public Expenditure Review (PER)",
year="2013",
publisher="Washington",
address="DC",
keywords="ACCOUNTABILITY; ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS; ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION; ALLOCATION; ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES; AMALGAMATION; ANNUAL BUDGET; ANNUAL PLANS; ARTICLE; ASSETS; ASSIGNMENT OF EXPENDITURES; ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES; AUTONOMY; AUTONOMY OF SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS; BUDGETARY RESOURCES; CANDIDATES; CAPACITY BUILDING; CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES; CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS; CAPITA INCOME; CAPITAL EXPENDITURES; CAPITALS; CENTRAL AUTHORITIES; CENTRAL GOVERNMENT; CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS; CENTRALIZING; CITIES; CIVIL SOCIETY; CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS; CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION; COMMODITY PRICES; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; CONSTITUENT; CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT; CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM; CORPORATE INCOME; CORPORATE INCOME TAX; CURRENT EXPENDITURES; DEBT; DECENTRALIZATION; DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS; DECISION-MAKERS; DECONCENTRATION; DISCRETIONARY APPROACH; DISTRICT; DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES; DISTRICTS; DIVISION OF LABOR; DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITIES; ECONOMIC POLICY; ECONOMIC STABILITY; ECONOMIES OF SCALE; EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC SPENDING; EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SPENDING; EFFICIENT REGIONS; EFFICIENT USE; ELECTION; ELECTIONS; ENTITLEMENTS; EXCESSIVE FRAGMENTATION; EXECUTIVE BRANCH; EXPENDITURE EFFICIENCY; EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA; EXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIES; FEDERAL COUNTRIES; FINANCIAL SYSTEM; FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION; FISCAL INCENTIVES; FISCAL NEUTRALITY; FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY; FISCAL RULES; FISCAL STABILITY; FISCAL TRANSFERS; GOVERNMENT TRANSFERS; HEALTH ASSISTANCE; HORIZONTAL EQUITY; INCOME LEVELS; INCOME TAX; INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION; INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS; INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; INVESTMENT BUDGET; LAWS; LEGAL FRAMEWORK; LEGISLATION; LEGISLATIVE POWER; LEGISLATORS; LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT; LEVELS OF EFFICIENCY; LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT; LEVELS OF PUBLIC SPENDING; LOCAL AUTHORITIES; LOCAL DEVELOPMENT; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; LOCAL GOVERNMENTS; LOCAL MANAGEMENT; LOCAL POLITICIANS; LOCAL POPULATIONS; LOCAL PROPERTY TAXES; LOCAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURES; LOCAL TAX; MAYOR; MINISTRY OF ECONOMY; MINISTRY OF EDUCATION; MUNICIPAL; MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS; MUNICIPAL LEVEL; MUNICIPALITIES; NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; NATIONAL PARTIES; NATIONAL SERVICE PROVIDERS; NATIONAL TAXES; NATURAL RESOURCES; OBJECTIVES OF DECENTRALIZATION; ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE; PARTISAN REASONS; PERSONAL INCOME; PERSONAL INCOME TAX; POLICY MAKING; POLICY-MAKERS; POLITICAL DECENTRALIZATION; POLITICAL PARTIES; POLITICAL PARTY; POLITICIANS; PORK-BARREL; POVERTY REDUCTION; PRIME MINISTER; PRODUCTIVITY; PROGRAMS; PROVINCE; PROVINCES; PUBLIC CAPITAL; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE DATA; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE EFFICIENCY; PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC FUNDS; PUBLIC GOODS; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLIC INVESTMENT; PUBLIC MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC RESOURCES; PUBLIC REVENUES; PUBLIC SECTOR; PUBLIC SECTOR EFFICIENCY; PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE; PUBLIC SERVICE; PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY; PUBLIC SERVICES; PUBLIC SPENDING; REDISTRIBUTION; REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION; REGIONAL DISPARITIES; REGIONAL ECONOMIES; REGIONAL GOVERNMENT; REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS; REPRESENTATIVES; REVENUE SHARING; REVENUE SOURCE; REVENUE SOURCES; SALES TAX; SECTORAL POLICIES; SECTORAL POLICY; SERVICE DELIVERY; SOCIAL POLICY; SOCIAL PROGRAMS; SOURCES OF FINANCE; SOURCES OF REVENUE; STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT; SUB-NATIONAL; SUB-NATIONAL AUTHORITIES; SUB-NATIONAL EXPENDITURES; SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT; SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS; SUB-NATIONAL UNITS; TAX; TAX BASES; TAX REVENUES; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE; TOTAL PUBLIC SPENDING; TOTAL SPENDING; TRANSFER OF RESOURCES; TRANSFER OF RESPONSIBILITIES; TRANSPORT; UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES; UNITARY SYSTEMS",
abstract="Decentralization in Peru is an ongoing process that is in its infancy and faces key challenges. This study aims to take stock of the process and identify these challenges. The main goal of the report is to help think through these issues with a view of identifying priorities and opportunities for fruitful engagement in this area. Much of the stock-taking serves as an introduction to the topic for the general reader and draws on what has become by now extensive secondary literature. The report distils the key challenges of the decentralization process and adds value in three specific areas. A first distinct contribution of this report is to highlight the importance of political economy factors in explaining the ebbs and flows of the decentralization process. Second, the report provides new data on truly decentralized spending as opposed to deconcentrated as well as on public spending per capita across districts. Third, this report provides a novel analysis of the efficiency of public spending across departments in Peru. The report compiles measures of public sector performance and efficiency for education, health, and transport across all departments. The overall institutional framework provides enough reasons for reconsideration an area where the Bank could add value. To be clear, this report does not call for new rushed legislative initiatives to address the perceived shortcomings in the institutional set up. What is called for is the creation of spaces for inter-institutional and inclusive dialogue to help establish a consensus on some basic principles. Only then will changes to the current institutional framework be appropriate. The mechanism to share natural resource revenues among levels of government has contributed to obfuscate the decentralization process.",
url="http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12894",
language="English"
}